Let $x=(\sa{abaababa})^2$ of period $8$ and $y=(\sa{abaaa})^3\sa{a}$ of period~$5$. The words are distinct and have more than one mismatch. They are at positions 4, 9, 11, 12 and 14.
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | |
$x$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ |
$y$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{b}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ | $\sa{a}$ |
Problem 8: Distinct Periodic Words |
In this problem we examine how much different two periodic words of the same length can be. The difference is measured with the Hamming distance. The Hamming distance between $x$ and $y$ of the same length is $\HAM(x,y)=|\{j \mid x[j]\neq y[j]\}|$.
We consider a word $x$ whose period is $p$, a word $y$ of length $|x|$ whose period $q$ satisfies $q\leq p$ and we assume there is at least a mismatch between them. Let $i$ be the position on $x$ and on $y$ of a mismatch, say, $x[i]=\sa{a}$ and $y[i]=\sa{b}$. In the picture $x=u^2$, $|u|=p$, and $|v|=q$.